ADVERTISEMENTS This article provides an overview on the restoration of mined areas Ecosystem destruction by mining for coal quarrying for minerals and other processes to meet demands of industries is an inevitable part of civilization All over the world mining sector is crucial in the development and economic prosperity In India mining is an important []
· Coal India is home to 1 303 mines which reported mineral production excluding atomic fuel and minor minerals in 2022 20 and produces 95 minerals 4 fuel related 10 metallic 23 non metallic 3 atomic and 55 minor minerals India is the 2nd largest producer of coal in 2022 21 all India coal production was MT
Digging deeper Mining methods explained Open pit underwater and underground mining These are the three main methods of mining we use to extract our products from the ground In this Digging Deeper article we take a look at these different methods and provide a glimpse into what each involves Mining is at the heart of our business at
Surface mining is a form of mining in which the soil and the rock covering the mineral deposits are removed It is the other way of underground mining in which the overlying rock is left behind and the required mineral deposits are removed through shafts or Surface mining is basically employed when deposits of commercially viable minerals or rock are found closer to
Many coal mines in India are suitable for applying this technology due to higher production demand favorable seam gradient long strike length multi seam mining and also presence of villages in close vicinity of the mines It may not be prudent to use surface miners only for the purpose of selective mining due to the following reasons
· Contour mines are surface mines that mine coal in steep hilly or mountainous terrain A wedge of overburden is removed along the coal outcrop on the side of a hill forming a bench at the level of the coal After the coal is removed the overburden is placed back on the bench to return the hill to its natural slope
· The approximate distance between Godavari River and coal mine faces is 140 150 m Five coal seams of Barakar formation Lower Gondwanas and Permian age namely Seam I II III IV and V containing coal reserves of million tonnes as per SCCL record of 2022 2022 are mineable Table 1 The coal extraction is expected to last
Benefits of Open Pit Mining Open pit mining also known as strip mining is the process of extracting ore minerals and/or fossil fuels that occurs on the surface of a particular mining site When considering all the mining operations in the world at least 40 percent of mining takes place at the surface reports Greenpeace International When
Coal Prime Source of Energy in India ¾Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resources in India ¾Coal is the key contributor to the Indian energy scenario ¾55% of the current total commercial energy needs is met by coal ¾By 2022 25 the share
In India 100 150 mm blast hole diameter are used in limestone mines 150 270 mm in coal mines 160 mm or above blast hole are used in iron ore mines is used Langefors and Kihlstrom suggested that the diameter be kept between to percent of the bench height c Sub Drilling J To avoid formation of toe in bench blasting the
To meet the stated objectives a field study was conducted on sandstone overburden formation of an opencast coal mine of BCCL a subsidiary of Coal India Ltd CIL The mine is being worked by mechanized drilling and deep hole blasting method Crawler mounted DTH pneumatic drill of 150mm diameter is being used to drill blast holes
162 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [P ART II—SEC 3 i ] zc gassy seam of the third degree means a coal seam or part thereof lying within the precincts of a mine not being an open cast working in which the rate of emission of inflammable gas per tonne
Need for Clean Coal Mining in India 80 3 Coal mining technology in India India has emerged as a third largest coal producer of the world having nearly % of the share in the total world coal production though its reserve is limited to only 1% of the world s reserve estimated as billion tons The electricity energy
How Benches Is Formed During Surface Coal Mining How Benches Is Formed During Surface Coal Mining Distributor Unit Jaw Crusher Nepal Small Scale Mining In The Releases Coal India Coal India Limited CIL produced a total of 172 Million Tonnes MTs of coal and supplied 160 MTs to its customers during the threeday
· In mines size of underground roadway roadway height and its dimension as per the statute is one point which needs due consideration while planning hill mining by tunneling method In India the dimensions of the pillars are regulated by Regulation 111 to 115 of Coal Mines Regulations CMR 2022 The regulation stipulates that the
· High wall mining for deep seated OC property Highwall mining is extracting coal from the face in a seam exposed in the final bench of opencast mine after reaching to its economical stripping ratio The extent of an opencast mining is limited by the financial viability Su though coal seam continues to exist beyond the quarriable limits
mines of MCL and it can be modified with collection of information from a large number of mines References Nanda 2022 Optimization of mine production system through operation research techniques 19 th World Mining Congress New Delhi November 595 Pal Roy P 2022 Terms and parameters influencing mine and ground
As coal seams are thin gradient of seams is generally flat extraction of coal is proposed by using Surface Miner Wind rowing technique for overburden removal Shovel Dumper mining system is proposed for removal In Bench height is proposed as 10m and bench width is 30m In cone of coal extraction bench width of 40m is proposed
The Mining industry in India is one of the core industries of the economy It provides basic raw materials to many important industries India is the world s second largest coal producer and being the 5th largest country in terms of coal deposits It is a net exporter of finished steel and has the potential to become a champion in certain
Loss of hearing and damage to the surface structures were the result of the impulse noise and air over pressure The noise level in the draft proposal for coal mining area was recommended below 75 dBA during 6 AM to 9 PM and 70 dBA for 9 PM to 6 AM
a sea change particularly in Coal mining The production of coal increase from a level of 70 MTs in early 1970 has reached to over 565 MTs in 2022 2022 The increase in production is mainly contributed by the surface coal mine and at present more than 88 % of coal production is coming from surface mines Due to enhancement in coal produc
underground mines in the earth crust Coal mining is one of the most illegal activities going on in the country At the same time it totally neglects the role of EIA in its pre operational during mining and post operational plans Here various case studies of coal mining are done and the impact of coal mining to the environment is looked into with
· This can be classified as surface hazards like rock falls at the bottom of the bench bench failures at the top of the high walls or shift firing during blasting Hazards by mining equipment like the movement of large mining equipment such as draglines or heavy mobile equipment like haul trucks and excavator light vehicles such as four
Highwall mining is an adaptation of auger mining Instead of an auger hole an entry into the coal seam is made by a continuous miner remotely operated from a cabin at the surface The cut coal is transported by conveyors behind the miner to the outside Using a television camera the operator can see and control the miner s progress
surface coal mining from shovel mining to dragline mining Coal India Limited CIL now has standardized the draglines in two sizes namely 10/70 and 24/96 for their mines Most mines depend on the dragline 24 hours/day 7 days/week In many of coal mines it s the only primary stripping tool and the mine s yield is totally dependent on
· Surface mining is conducted by two basic methods contour strip mining and area mining Contour strip mines are used in hilly or rolling country such as occurs in the Appalachian coal mining region Overburden excavations follow the contour of the coal outcrop along the hillside resulting in long sinuous bands of strip mined land surrounding
· Many coal mines use explosives to loosen the rock and coal In surface mining holes are drilled through the overburden loaded with explosives and discharged shattering the rock in the overburden
Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near surface nonselective and
Developments and layout of mines including surface and underground arrangements Layout and development of shaft top pit bottom haulage arrangements etc Underground Mining Methods Choice of methods of mining coal seams and factors depth seam thickness inclination etc affecting the same statutory provisions
In mining opencast technology accounts for the major portion of the world s coal production In India the demand for coal for 2022 17 was estimated to be MT whereas the domestic availability was estimated at MT The gap of MT was projected to be met through imports https ///
fugitive dust During drilling in overburden benches the dust concentration varies between 20 25 mg/m 3 and in coal benches it varies between 15 30 mg/m 3 Emission Factors In coal mine planning an estimate of dust generation is to be made to check the likely level of air pollution in the mining area due to proposed